Chapter 2 Current Situation of China Logistics Standardization
2.1 Situation of China logistics standardization
Nowadays, China's national economic development and foreign trade development provides a good opportunity of China's logistics standardization, especially in recent years, much more influence on the domestic professional logistics companies and commercial enterprises distribution center, including a number of large manufacturing companies which are some aspects of logistics and distribution operation.
Based on the development of market and logistics industry, China's logistics standardization work began to develop and get a significant improvement in the following aspects.
2.1.1 Developed a series of logistics or logistics-related standards
According to rough statistics, China has formulated and promulgated nearly one thousand standards in the logistics and logistics-related standards area. Among them, packaging standards, China has fully developed the packaging terms, packaging size, packaging, labeling, transport packaging for the basic test, packaging, packaging materials, packaging materials, test methods, packaging containers, packaging containers test methods, packaging, transportation, storage and signs and other aspects of the standard; in logistics machinery and facilities, China has developed crane machinery, transportation machinery, storage equipment, handling machinery, automated logistics equipment and pallets, containers and other aspects of standards.
From a systemic point of view, to develop technical standards is not only simple, but also common standards related to the logistics industry, work standards and management standards have begun to develop. Hierarchy from the standard point of view, the development of logistics-related standards are not only corporate standards and local, industry standards, there are many national standards, some standards also adopted the international standard or advanced foreign standards. From a sector perspective, close relationship and logistics in china some sectors, such as Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Machinery Industry, the Ministry of Metallurgy, Trade and Logistics developed a series of related standards, in particular developed a number of Comparison of the series as a lack of national standard operating standards and management standards.
2.1.2 Established a logistics-related standardization organizations
China has established a Bureau of Technical Supervision Institutions, led to the standardization of the national administration system, which is among many agencies and organizations engaged in and logistics-related standardization work. It is reported that the State Quality and Technical Supervision will soon establish a national supply chain process management and control of Standardization Technical Committee. The Commission's external name is SCM-CHINA, secretariat article Numbering Centre of China.
2.1.3 Participated in international standardization actively
Actively participate in international standardization activities of logistics China participated in the International Organization for Standardization ISO, International Electro technical Commission IEC and logistics-related technical committees and Technology Department, and clearly the focal point of their respective technologies. In addition, participated in the International Union of Railways and the Railways Cooperation Organization Socialist countries such as the two major international railway authority.
2.1.4 International logistics standards was used frequently
Active use of international logistics standards in packaging, labeling, transport, storage areas of the nearly one hundred national standards, international standards have been adopted about 30%; highway and waterway transportation in the national standard, has adopted the International about 5% of the standard; in railways in the national standard, has adopted international standards, about 20%; in the vehicles of the national standards, international standards have been adopted about 30%.In addition, bar code products, enterprises, institutions and associations code, signs and other aspects of logistics operations using a corresponding number of international standards.
2.1.5 More attention to Logistics standardization
After joining the WTO, china's logistics become an inevitable international trend, how to achieve China's logistics systems and supply chain integration a smooth large-scale systems, the key role lies to logistics standardization. At this point, the research of logistics standardization has been referred to an unprecedented height, the national number of related scientific research institutes, institutions of higher education research have invested to use and deep study.
In recent years, although China's Logistics standardization has made many efforts progress, the current status of the standardization is still exist many problems, challenged for development, remains a difficult task.
2.2.1 Historical and regional issues
The separation of departments, regional segmentation the logistics and logistics management thinking in our country was born late, large-scale systems composed of various subsystems of logistics in the logistics system is not owned one before, had realized for the systems standardization. This will inevitably lead to the development of content in the standard fragmentation, the separation of departments. Same time, because in the long term impact of the planned economy, the regional fragmentation of the industry, logistics standards are inconsistent, cross-regional, inter-modal logistics efficiency decreased.
2.2.2 Lack of basic installation
In the cargo storage, handling and transportation process in the lack of basic equipment. A standardized storage, handling and transport logistics system is an extremely important part of its efficiency directly affects the speed and efficiency of logistics. At present, China's logistics system, cargo storage, handling and transport and other aspects of the specification due to lack of unity difficult to achieve effective convergence. Such as tray size, truck size, the size of the warehouse shelf cannot support such use. The problems which typical standards, China's logistics enterprises and some use of European standards, some standards by Japan and South Korea, there have even been definition, because size does not match with the packing cases, seriously affect the operational efficiency of the logistics system.
2.2.3 Standardization of information difference
Many departments and units are under construction in their own product Information database, but the database field, type and length are inconsistent, the formation of information islands one by one. Seriously affected the base as a logistics management information exchange and e-commerce operation.
2.2.4 Low level than the international logistics standard
The economic impact of long-term plan, China's standards, including standards related to logistics considerations in the development process less consistency with international standards. Therefore, the current international standards with the proportion of very low standards of logistics, which will surely set the country's international trade barriers.
2.2.5 Logistics standards of promotion and implementation
Although the logistics of establishing standards, and developed a number of imp Although the logistics of establishing standards, and developed a number of important national standard, but the application of these standards there is a serious problem. For example, the application of bar code storage unit less than 15% accuracy. Widespread phenomenon, reveals the behind the Management of logistics standardization status. Promote standardization of logistics constraints, the implementation of many factors, including the following aspects. Ortant national standard, but the application of these standards there is a serious problem. For example, the application of bar code storage unit less than 15% accuracy. Widespread phenomenon, reveals the behind the Management of logistics standardization status. Promote standardization of logistics constraints, the implementation of many factors, including the following aspects.
2.2.5.1 As mentioned earlier, in the long term impact of the planned economy, the logistics management of the formation of a fragmented, sect oral segmentation, region segmentation of the state. Logistics system is often sub standard, respectively, by different government departments, management, and implementation of the standards of our industry, which for the entire logistics system and the convergence of the links with the very unfavorable. Poor awareness of logistics standardization.
2.2.5.2 Some state enterprises and the relevant departments have not yet realized that the logistics role of this third source of profits, companies large and small but very severe operating conditions, market economy breakdown of the professional community, but the separation process is very slow now, many companies rely on their own logistics warehouses and fleet of very low degree of standardization and the high rate of damage and greatly reduce the logistics speed and improve the logistics costs.
2.2.5.3 Logistics market underdevelopment underdevelopment logistics market is not the promotion of existing standards is an important reason. In a market economy, technical standards usually demand from the industry generated spontaneously. In China, the market demand has not formed a sufficient scale, in addition to treasure for the country, outside of a few large enterprises such as Haier, many logistics companies are coming from the transformation of smes in traditional industries, although the replacement of the company name, but the operating philosophy and specification is still relatively old. As the popularity of standardized development of the industry itself depends on the degree of implementation in these enterprises clearly have very difficult logistics standardization.
2.2.6 Logistics Standardization extremely scarce talent
because of China's logistics and logistics management thought the birth of late, over the years in the planned economic system under the influence of the degree of importance of logistics is not enough, lead logistics personnel is extremely lacking. Employees in the logistics industry, the vast majority is transferred from the related industries, the real modern logistics with a solid theoretical basis and practical experience very few people. Especially for logistics standardization, the talent shortage phenomenon is even more serious.